📚 Year 12 SQA Media: Unit Test Mock Paper Breakdown | Year 12 SQA 媒体：单元测试模拟卷解析
This article provides a detailed walkthrough of a Unit Test mock paper for SQA Higher Media Studies, designed to mirror the style and demands of the final assessment. Each question is deconstructed with clear explanations, examiner tips, and model answers to help you master the key concepts of textual analysis, audience theory, institutional contexts and representation. Use this breakdown to sharpen your analytical writing and understand exactly what the examiners are looking for under timed conditions.
本文为 SQA Higher 媒体研究课程提供一份单元测试模拟卷的深度解析，完全贴合最终评估的题型与评分要求。每道题目都配有清晰的考点说明、考官建议和高分答案示范，帮助你吃透文本分析、受众理论、机构语境以及表征分析等核心概念。利用这份解析打磨你的分析性写作，精准把握阅卷老师在限时考试中的评分要点。
1. Understanding the Mock Paper Structure | 了解模拟卷结构
This mock paper is divided into ten compulsory questions worth a total of 56 marks, reflecting the blend of short-response and extended-analysis tasks typical of SQA Higher Media. Questions are drawn from a range of set stimulus materials — a crime drama extract, a news broadcast clip, a magazine cover, a perfume advertisement and an online news article — testing your ability to apply media concepts across different forms and platforms. You are expected to use accurate media terminology and refer to specific details from the texts in every response.
这份模拟卷共包含十道必答题，总分56分，体现了 SQA Higher 媒体考试中简答与拓展分析相结合的典型结构。题目素材涵盖犯罪剧片段、新闻播报片段、杂志封面、香水广告和一篇在线新闻文章，旨在考察你跨类型、跨平台应用媒体概念的能力。每道题都要求你使用准确的媒体术语，并结合文本中的具体细节作答。
2. Question 1: Camera Shot Analysis | 第1题：镜头分析
Question: Identify two camera shots used in the opening sequence of the crime drama extract and explain their purposes. (4 marks)
题目：指出犯罪剧片段开场使用的两种镜头，并解释它们的目的。（4分）
A high-scoring answer names the shot types precisely — such as establishing shot and close-up — and links each to a clear communicative purpose. For an establishing shot, you might explain that it orients the viewer to the bleak, rain-soaked cityscape, instantly setting a tone of urban decay and suggesting a world where crime is endemic. For a close-up of the protagonist's hands nervously tapping a desk, you could argue that it draws attention to their psychological state, revealing inner tension without the need for dialogue. Always use the term 'connotes' or 'signifies' to show you are interpreting the technical code rather than merely describing it.
高分答案会准确说出镜头类型——比如定场镜头和特写镜头——并将每种镜头与清晰的表意目的联系起来。对于定场镜头，你可以解释它让观众熟悉阴冷潮湿的城市景观，立刻奠定一种都市衰败的基调，暗示犯罪无处不在。对于主角手指焦躁敲击桌面的特写镜头，你可以论证它聚焦于人物的心理状态，无需对白就揭示出内心的紧张。记得使用“connotes”或“signifies”这类动词，展现你是在解读技术符码，而不是简单描述。
Model Answer: The first notable shot is a high-angle establishing shot of the city at dawn. This connotes a sense of vulnerability, as the characters are dwarfed by their environment, implying they are trapped within a corrupt system. The second is an extreme close-up of a cracked police badge, which signifies fractured authority and foreshadows the institutional failures that drive the narrative.
答案示范：第一个显著镜头是城市黎明时分的高角度定场镜头，它暗示着一种脆弱感，因为人物被环境衬托得格外渺小，表明他们被困在一个腐败的体制中。第二个是警徽裂痕的超特写镜头，它象征着破碎的权威，并预示了驱动叙事的体制崩塌。
3. Question 2: Editing for Tension | 第2题：通过剪辑营造紧张感
Question: Explain how editing is used to create tension in the chase scene. Refer to at least two techniques. (4 marks)
题目：解释追逐场景中剪辑如何被用来营造紧张感。至少要提到两种技巧。（4分）
Editing questions reward your ability to spot the pace and rhythm of shot transitions. For tension, look for a combination of fast cutting and cross-cutting. Fast cutting, where shot length decreases noticeably, quickens the viewer's heartbeat and mirrors the protagonist's adrenaline. Cross-cutting between the pursuer and the pursued creates dramatic irony and forces the audience to anticipate a collision. Be specific about the effect on the spectator — does it generate anxiety, exhilaration, or a sense of inevitability? Linking rhythm choices to the emotional journey of the audience secures the higher band marks.
剪辑类题目考察你捕捉镜头转换节奏与韵律的能力。关于紧张感，你要寻找快速剪辑与交叉剪辑的组合。快速剪辑中镜头时长明显缩短，会加快观众心跳，模拟主角的肾上腺素飙升。交叉剪辑在追捕者与被追捕者之间来回切换，制造出戏剧性反讽，迫使观众预判双方的碰撞。要具体说明对视听者的影响——是制造了焦虑、兴奋，还是某种必然性？将节奏选择与观众的情感旅程联系起来才能锁定高分段分数。
Model Answer: The scene uses accelerated montage editing, where the shots of the suspect sprinting through the market are progressively shortened from two seconds to under half a second. This creates a visceral sense of chaos and disorientation, placing the viewer in the suspect's frantic mindset. Simultaneously, cross-cutting to the detective's calm, steady approach in a parallel street builds suspense by contrasting movement with stillness, making the eventual confrontation feel inevitable.
答案示范：该场景运用了加速蒙太奇剪辑，嫌疑人跑过集市的镜头时长从两秒逐渐缩短至不足半秒。这创造出一种混乱与迷失方向的切身体验，让观众代入嫌疑人慌乱的心理状态。与此同时，交叉剪辑到侦探在平行街道上冷静沉稳的接近，通过动静对比制造悬念，使最终的直面显得势不可免。
4. Question 3: Sound Analysis | 第3题：声音分析
Question: Analyse the use of sound in the given extract. Differentiate between diegetic and non-diegetic sound, with examples. (6 marks)
题目：分析所给片段中的声音运用。区分画内音与画外音，并举例说明。（6分）
Sound is frequently under-analyzed, so a systematic approach that separates diegetic and non-diegetic elements grabs an examiner's attention. Diegetic sound exists within the story world — dialogue, footsteps, traffic, a ringing phone — and often functions to enhance realism or provide narrative information. Non-diegetic sound, such as the musical score or a voice-over narration, is added for the audience's benefit and works to guide emotional response. Strengthen your analysis by exploring the interplay: for instance, when the non-diegetic, dissonant string score swells just as a diegetic conversation grows tense, the combined effect amplifies unease. Always use the term ‘sound bridge’ if a sound links two different scenes.
声音是容易被忽略的失分点，采用一套系统方法将画内音与画外音拆开分析能立刻抓住阅卷老师的眼球。画内音存在于故事世界里——对话、脚步声、交通噪音、响起的电话——其功能通常是增强真实感或提供叙事信息。画外音，如配乐或画外解说，是为观众额外添加的，引导着情绪反应。通过探究两者的交互作用来深化分析：比如，当一段不协和的弦乐画外音刚好在画内对话变得紧张时响起，叠加效果便会放大不安感。如果有一种声音连接了两个场景，务必使用“sound bridge”这个术语。
Model Answer: Diegetic sound is dominant in the extract's opening, with the layered ambient noise of a busy newsroom — ringing telephones, overlapping chatter, the clatter of keyboards — constructing a hyperreal sense of professional urgency. This contrasts sharply with the sudden intrusion of non-diegetic heartbeat sounds over the protagonist's reaction shot, which subjectivises the moment and signals a panic attack. The heartbeat, a non-diegetic motif, bridges the cut to the next scene, acting as a sound bridge that sustains the viewer's anxiety.
答案示范：画内音在片段开场占主导，繁忙新闻编辑室里层叠的环境音——响个不停的电话、交错的交谈声、键盘敲击声——构建出一种高度逼真的职场紧迫感。这与主角反应镜头中突然切入的画外心跳声形成强烈对比，后者将此刻主观化，暗示恐慌发作。作为非剧情的听觉母题，心跳声跨越到下一场景，充当了延续观众紧张感的声音桥梁。
5. Question 4: Applying Todorov’s Narrative Theory | 第4题：应用托多罗夫叙事理论
Question: Apply Todorov's narrative theory to the extract. Identify the stages present. (6 marks)
题目：将托多罗夫的叙事理论应用于该片段。指出其中呈现的阶段。（6分）
Todorov's five-stage structure — equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, new equilibrium — offers a clean framework, but many texts only show a portion. In an extract question, you must identify which stages are explicitly present and avoid guessing what comes later. Describe the initial equilibrium in detail: perhaps a harmonious family dinner. Then pinpoint the disruption: a mysterious phone call. Explain how characters recognise the disruption through dialogue or reaction shots. If the extract ends before repair, state this clearly and speculate briefly on how the repair stage might begin based on the codes established. Using direct quotations from the text to anchor each stage demonstrates close critical engagement.
托多罗夫的五阶段结构——均衡、打破均衡、承认失衡、尝试修复、新均衡——提供了一个清晰的框架，但许多文本只呈现其中一部分。在片段分析题中，你必须判断哪些阶段明确在场，避免猜测后续发展。详细描述最初的均衡状态：或许是一顿和谐的家庭晚餐。然后明确失衡点：一通神秘电话。解释人物如何通过对话或反应镜头承认失衡。如果片段在修复之前结束，要清楚说明，并根据已有符码简要推测修复阶段如何开启。引用文本中的具体细节来支撑每个阶段，体现密切的批评性解读。
Model Answer: The extract begins in a state of equilibrium: a detective’s retirement party, signalled through warm lighting, diegetic laughter and a speech celebrating thirty years of service. Disruption occurs instantly when a junior officer whispers news of an escaped convict — the diegetic sound of shattering glass underlines the moment. The recognition stage is conveyed through a rapid zoom into the detective’s face, which shifts from a smile to a hardened stare, accompanied by the non-diegetic score dropping to a single bass note. The extract closes without an attempt to repair, leaving the narrative in a state of disruption that functions as a cliffhanger.
答案示范：片段开始于均衡状态：一位侦探的退休派对，通过温暖的光线、画内笑声和庆祝从警三十年的致辞来示意。当一名年轻警员低声透露有逃犯越狱的消息时，失衡瞬间发生——画内杯子摔碎的声响强化了这一时刻。承认失衡的阶段通过镜头快速推近侦探面部呈现，他的微笑转为冷峻凝视，同时画外配乐降为单一的低音音符。片段未呈现修复尝试便结束，将叙事留在失衡状态中，起到了悬念收场的效果。
6. Question 5: Representation through Mise-en-Scène | 第5题：通过场面调度分析表征
Question: Discuss how the characters of the detective and the suspect are represented through mise-en-scène. (6 marks)
题目：讨论侦探与嫌犯两个角色如何通过场面调度被表征。（6分）
Mise-en-scène covers setting, costume, lighting, props and figure expression. To compare representations, build a table in your mind: what does the detective’s smart, pressed suit connot versus the suspect’s stained hoodie? How does the high-key lighting on the detective’s side of the interrogation room contrast with the low-key, shadow-heavy lighting on the suspect’s side, positioning one as transparent authority and the other as duplicitous threat? Comment on proxemics too — the physical distance between them and how it changes. A high-scoring response always argues that these choices construct an ideology, often reinforcing stereotypes about class, morality or power.
场面调度包括场景、服装、灯光、道具和人物表情。若要进行表征对比，可在脑海中构建表格：侦探笔挺的西装相对于嫌犯脏兮兮的连帽衫分别意味着什么？审讯室里侦探一侧的高调照明如何对立于嫌犯一侧阴影浓重的低调照明，从而将一方表征为透明的权威，另一方表征为狡诈的威胁？同时也要评论身体距离——两人的物理间距及其变化。高分答案总能论证这些选择构建了某种意识形态，常常强化关于阶级、道德或权力的刻板印象。
Model Answer: The detective is represented through a mise-en-scène of control: her costume is a tailored navy blouse, connoting professionalism and institutional power, and she is positioned in front of a bookshelf filled with law volumes, anchoring her to knowledge. By contrast, the suspect slumps in an undersized plastic chair, dressed in a faded grey tracksuit that signifies neglect and marginalisation. The single bare bulb swinging overhead creates moving shadows across his face, linking him to instability and deceit. These visual binaries naturalise the association between the state and order, and between the working class and criminality.
答案示范：侦探通过一种掌控性的场面调度被表征：她的服装是剪裁考究的藏青衬衫，暗示专业精神与体制权力；她坐在装满法律书籍的书架前，与知识牢牢绑定。相比之下，嫌疑犯瘫坐在一把尺寸过小的塑料椅上，身穿褪色的灰色运动服，示意被忽视与边缘化。头顶摇摆的唯一一个裸灯泡在他脸上制造游移的阴影，将他与不稳定和欺骗相联系。这些视觉二元对立将国家与秩序、工人阶级与犯罪之间的关联自然化了。
7. Question 6: Encoding/Decoding Model | 第6题：编码/解码模型
Question: Using Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding model, suggest a preferred, negotiated, and oppositional reading of the news broadcast clip. (8 marks)
题目：运用斯图亚特·霍尔的编码/解码模型，为这段新闻播报片段提出支配性、协商式和对立式的解读。（8分）
Hall's model argues that producers encode a preferred meaning, but audiences can decode it in three ways. First, unpack the preferred reading by identifying what the news editors want you to think — perhaps that a new government policy will boost the economy, encoded through graphs, expert interviews and upbeat music. A negotiated reading accepts the broad message but adjusts it based on personal context: a small business owner might agree with the policy's aims but doubt its practicality due to red tape. An oppositional reading rejects the encoded meaning entirely, maybe seeing the report as propaganda that ignores environmental costs. To score full marks, you must anchor each reading to a specific audience segment and explain why that segment decodes the text in that way.
霍尔模型认为生产者会编码一个支配性意义，但受众可以以三种方式解码。首先，通过识别新闻编辑希望你接受的观念来解析支配性解读——比如一项新政府政策将提振经济，这种解读通过图表、专家访谈和欢快的音乐编码而成。协商式解读接受大体信息，但根据个人情境进行调整：一个小企业主可能认同政策目标，但因官僚手续繁杂而怀疑其可行性。对立式解读完全拒绝编码意义，或许将此报道视为忽略环境代价的政治宣传。要拿到满分，你必须将每种解读锚定于特定的受众群体，并解释为何该群体会以此种方式解码文本。
Model Answer: The preferred reading is that the proposed housing development will revitalise a deprived area, encoded through vox pops with smiling residents and a closing shot of the sun breaking through clouds. A negotiated reading, likely held by local council tenants, acknowledges the need for investment but worries that rising property values will displace existing communities, negotiating the message through their lived experience. An oppositional reading, from an environmental activist group, would reject the narrative entirely, decoding the sunny visuals as a smokescreen obscuring the destruction of a local wetland and framing the broadcaster as complicit in greenwashing.
答案示范：支配性解读是：拟议的住房开发项目将振兴一个贫困地区，这通过微笑居民的街头采访和阳光穿透乌云的收尾镜头编码而成。协商式解读，很可能来自当地公房住户，承认投资的需求，但担忧房价上涨会驱离现有社区，依据其生活经验对信息进行协商。对立式解读，来自环保行动组织，会完全拒绝该叙事，将明媚的视觉画面解码为掩盖地方湿地破坏的烟幕，并将广播机构视作洗绿行为的同谋。
8. Question 7: Audience Targeting | 第7题：受众定位
Question: Explain how the magazine cover targets its primary audience using audience categories (e.g., demographics, psychographics). (5 marks)
题目：解释该杂志封面如何运用受众分类（如人口统计、心理统计）来定位其首要受众。（5分）
Magazine covers are a dense package of targeting strategies. Start with demographics: the cover price, the age of the cover model, and the font style can signal a target age of 25–40 with a disposable income. Move to psychographics: the cover lines promising 'Unlock Your Best Self' and 'The Mindful Issue' appeal to Aspirers or Reformer types in the VALS framework, who seek self-improvement and enlightenment. Don't ignore Maslow's hierarchy; features on 'Financial Freedom' and 'Wellness Retreats' might tap into esteem needs. The key is to cross-reference multiple audience categories to build a layered portrait of the implied reader.
杂志封面是一套密集的定位策略组合。从人口统计学入手：封面价格、封面模特的年龄以及字体风格可以预示目标年龄在25–40岁、拥有可支配收入的群体。转向心理统计：诸如“开启更好的自我”和“正念特刊”这样的封面导语吸引着 VALS 框架中的进取型或革新者类型，这些人寻求自我提升与启迪。不要忽视马斯洛需求层次；关于“财务自由”和“康养度假”的专题可能切中了自尊需求。关键是要交叉引证多种受众分类，构建一幅关于隐含读者的多维画像。
Model Answer: Demographically, the £4.50 cover price and minimalist design target ABC1 adults aged 30–50 with high cultural capital. Psychographically, the cover star — a tech entrepreneur — alongside banners like 'Redefine Success' targets Reformers and Achievers who value authenticity over materialism. Using Maslow's hierarchy, the cover line 'The Power of Saying No' addresses self-actualisation needs, positioning the magazine as a tool for a balanced, intentional lifestyle rather than mere consumption.
答案示范：从人口统计学看，4.50 英镑的封面价格和极简设计瞄准的是文化资本较高的 ABC1 阶层、30–50岁成人。心理统计方面，封面人物——一位科技创业者——配合“重新定义成功”的横幅，瞄准了革新者与成就者，这些人重视本真性甚于物质主义。借助马斯洛层次，封面语“学会说不的力量”切中自我实现需求，将杂志定位为平衡、有意识的生活方式的工具，而非单纯的消费指南。
9. Question 8: Institutional Ownership and Scheduling | 第8题：机构所有权与节目编排
Question: How might the ownership of the television channel (public service vs. commercial) affect the scheduling of this programme? (5 marks)
题目：该电视频道的所有权（公共服务 vs. 商业性）如何影响这档节目的编排？（5分）
Institutional context separates high-level responses from average ones. A public service broadcaster (PSB) like the BBC is funded by the licence fee and has a remit to inform, educate and entertain; hence it might schedule a hard-hitting documentary at 21:00 on a weekday to maximise reach and fulfil its public service obligations. A commercial channel reliant on advertising revenue would schedule the same programme differently, possibly in a later time slot if it attracts a smaller, less commercially valuable audience, or surround it with high-rating entertainment shows to create a 'halo effect'. Always mention the regulator (Ofcom) and the pressure to deliver ratings versus remit.
机构语境是把高层次答案与普通答案区分开的关键。公共服务广播公司（如 BBC）的资金来源于执照费，肩负告知、教育、娱乐的宗旨；因此它可能在平日 21:00 安排一档硬核纪录片，以最大程度扩大触及范围并履行公共服务义务。依赖广告收入的商业频道则会以不同方式编排同一节目，若其吸引的受众规模较小且商业价值较低，可能会将它排在更晚的时段，或将其置于高收视娱乐节目之间以制造光环效应。务必提及监管机构 Ofcom，并点明收视率压力与宗旨之间的拉扯。
Model Answer: As a public service broadcaster, Channel X would schedule the investigative documentary at 20:00 on a Wednesday, using it as part of a conscious strategy to meet Ofcom's requirements for current affairs output. Being licence-fee funded, it can prioritise reach over revenue. In contrast, a commercial competitor would likely push the same programme to 22:35, as the unglamorous subject matter would deter the 16–34 demographic prized by advertisers. Instead, they would fill the peak slot with a high-rated reality competition to secure advertising spend.
答案示范：作为一家公共服务广播公司，X 频道会在周三 20:00 编排这部调查纪录片，将其作为有意识的策略，以满足 Ofcom 对时事节目输出的要求。由于依靠执照费，它可以优先考虑触及度而非收入。相比之下，商业竞争对手很可能会将同一节目推到 22:35，因为不讨喜的题材会流失广告商珍视的 16–34 岁人群。相反，他们会用一档高收视的真人秀竞赛节目填满黄金时段，以保障广告收入。
10. Question 9: Gender Representation in Advertising | 第9题：广告中的性别表征
Question: Analyse the representation of gender in the perfume advertisement. Discuss how technical codes (camera, lighting) construct this representation. (8 marks)
题目：分析这则香水广告中的性别表征。讨论技术符码（镜头、灯光）如何构建这一表征。（8分）
Perfume ads often rely on hyper-ritualised gender displays. Examine whether the representation is traditional or subversive. Look at the camera work: a male model shot in low-angle with slow-motion strides constructs power and dominance, while a female model filmed in soft focus and close-up fragments her body, reducing her to an object of the male gaze (Laura Mulvey). Lighting reinforces this: chiaroscuro on a male torso sculpts it as an idealised spectacle of strength, whereas diffused, high-key light on a female face erases imperfections and aligns femininity with ethereal beauty. To push into the top mark band, discuss whether the ad appropriates feminist imagery only to sell a product, a phenomenon known as 'femvertising' or pseudo-empowerment.
香水广告常常依赖过度仪式化的性别展示。考察其表征是传统的还是具有颠覆性。审视镜头运作：低角度仰拍男模并以慢动作大步行走，构建了权力与支配感；而用柔焦特写拍摄女模则将其身体碎片化，使她沦为男性凝视（劳拉·穆尔维）下的物体。灯光强化了这一点：男模躯干上的明暗对照光线将其雕琢为理想化的力量奇观，而女性面部均匀散射的高调光则抹去瑕疵，将女性气质与空灵美感画等号。若要冲击最高分段，要讨论该广告是否挪用了女性主义意象只为售卖产品，这一现象被称作“femvertising”或伪赋权。
Model Answer: The advertisement constructs a traditional binary: the male figure, captured through a low-angle tracking shot with harsh side lighting, is coded as active, dominant and central to the narrative. The female figure is introduced via a fragmented montage — a close-up of her lips, a tilt down her bare back — lit with a golden, voyeuristic glow that invites the male gaze. However, the final shot, where she looks directly into the camera and crushes the perfume bottle, could be read as a negotiated representation: she asserts agency, yet the act is still contained within a commercial framework that commodifies defiance.
答案示范：这则广告构建了一种传统二元关系：通过低角度跟拍和硬侧光捕捉的男性角色被编码为主动、主导且居于叙事中心。女性角色则通过碎片化蒙太奇引入——嘴唇特写、裸露背部的摇镜——沐浴在一种金色的、偷窥般的光辉中，邀约着男性凝视。但最后一镜中，她直视镜头并捏碎香水瓶，可以解读为一种协商式表征：她宣示了主体性，然而该行为依然被框定在将反叛商品化的商业框架之内。
11. Question 10: Web 2.0 Interactivity | 第10题：Web 2.0 互动性
Question: In the given online news article, identify two features of Web 2.0 that encourage audience interactivity and explain their effects. (4 marks)
题目：在所给的在线新闻文章中，指出两种鼓励受众互动的 Web 2.0 特征，并解释它们的效果。（4分）
Web 2.0 is defined by user participation and produsage (Axel Bruns). Common features include comment sections, which empower audiences to act as secondary producers of meaning and create a virtual public sphere; but you should also note the risk of echo chambers and trolling. Hyperlinks embedded in the body of the article allow users to navigate a personalised information trail, transforming the linear reading experience into a non-linear, active exploration. Twitter share buttons and live reaction counters turn news consumption into a social, performative act. The best answers connect these technical features to broader audience theories, like the shift from passive consumption to active engagement proposed by Blumler and Katz’s uses and gratifications model.
Web 2.0 的定义特征是用户参与和生产性使用（阿克塞尔·布伦斯）。常见的特征包括评论区，它赋予受众作为二级意义生产者的权力，并创造出一个虚拟公共领域；但你也应该注意到回声室效应和网暴的风险。嵌入文章正文的超链接让用户能导航一条个性化的信息路径，将线性阅读体验转化为非线性的、主动的探索。推特分享按钮和即时反应计数器将新闻消费变成一种社交化、表演性的行为。最佳答案会将这些技术特征与更广阔的受众理论联系起来，比如布鲁姆勒和卡茨的使用与满足模型所提出的从被动消费到主动参与的转变。
Model Answer: First, the embedded live poll asking 'Do you agree with the new policy?' directly invites the audience to interact, satisfying their need for self-expression and providing the publisher with valuable engagement metrics. Second, the prominently placed comment section with upvote/downvote functionality facilitates a participatory culture, enabling users to collectively negotiate meaning; however, the sorting algorithm may amplify polarised views, potentially skewing the perceived consensus and creating a spiral of silence.
答案示范：首先，嵌入的即时民调“你是否同意新政策？”直接邀请受众互动，满足了他们自我表达的需求，同时为发布者提供了有价值的参与测量指标。其次，带有赞/踩功能的显眼评论区促进了参与式文化，让用户能集体协商意义；然而，排序算法可能放大两极化观点，潜在地扭曲公众感知的共识并制造沉默的螺旋。
Published by TutorHao | SQA Media Revision Series | aleveler.com
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