📚 Year 12 SQA Drama: Quick-Reference Terminology Guide | 12年级 SQA 戏剧：术语速记指南
Mastering the vocabulary of drama is essential for success in the Year 12 SQA Drama course. Whether you are analysing a performance, developing a character, or devising original work, precise terminology allows you to articulate creative choices clearly. This guide compiles key terms across ten areas of study, from stage architecture to critical analysis. Each entry provides a concise definition in English followed by its Chinese equivalent, enabling you to build your glossary quickly and with confidence.
掌握戏剧词汇是 SQA 12 年级戏剧课程取得优异成绩的关键。无论是分析表演、塑造角色还是构思原创作品，精确的术语都能帮助你清晰地表达创意选择。本指南整理了涵盖十大学习领域的核心术语，从舞台架构到批判性分析，每一个词条都先给出英文定义，再附上对应的中文解释，帮助你迅速建立自己的术语库。
1. Stage and Spatial Terms | 舞台与空间术语
Proscenium Arch: The architectural frame that separates the stage from the auditorium, creating a 'picture frame' effect through which the audience watches the performance. Most traditional theatres are built with a proscenium arch.
镜框式舞台：将舞台与观众席分隔开的建筑框架，形成观众仿佛透过“画框”观看表演的效果。大多数传统剧院都设有镜框式舞台。
Thrust Stage: A performance space that extends into the audience area so that spectators are seated on three sides of the stage. This arrangement creates a more intimate relationship between actors and audience.
伸出式舞台：延伸至观众席区域的表演空间，观众三面围坐。这种布局能够拉近演员与观众的距离，增加亲密感。
In-the-round: A staging configuration in which the audience completely surrounds the playing area on all sides. There is no front or back, requiring actors to be aware of sight lines from every direction.
环形舞台：观众将表演区域完全包围的舞台形式，没有传统意义上的前台与后台，要求演员时刻关注来自各个方向的视线。
Blocking: The precise movement and positioning of actors on stage, usually planned by the director during rehearsals. Blocking ensures that the story is told clearly and that performers do not mask one another.
舞台调度：演员在舞台上准确的动作与站位，通常由导演在排练中规划。良好的调度确保故事信息清晰传递，并防止演员之间相互遮挡。
Proxemics: The study and use of the physical distance between performers to communicate relationships, emotions and status. Close proximity can suggest intimacy or confrontation, while distance may indicate detachment or formality.
空间关系：对演员之间身体距离的研究与运用，用以传达人物关系、情绪以及地位。近距离可能暗示亲密或冲突，远距离则可能表现疏离或拘谨。
Levels: The use of different heights on stage, such as standing, sitting, kneeling or using platforms. Variations in levels create visual interest, indicate status differences and help to focus the audience's attention.
层次：舞台上不同高度的运用，如站立、坐下、跪地或使用平台。层次的变化可以制造视觉趣味、表现地位差异并引导观众视线。
2. Acting and Characterisation | 表演与角色塑造
Given Circumstances: The specific conditions, environment and backstory in which a character exists, as defined by the playwright or through directorial interpretation. Stanislavski emphasised that actors must fully understand these circumstances to behave truthfully on stage.
规定情境：指剧本所设定或导演解读下的人物所处的具体条件、环境和背景故事。斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基强调演员必须充分理解这些情境才能在舞台上真实地行动。
Objective: What a character wants to achieve in a particular scene or unit of action. A clearly defined objective drives the actor's choices and generates active, purposeful performance. Each character may have a super-objective that runs through the whole play.
任务/目标：角色在特定场景或行动单元中想要达成的目的。明确的目标驱动演员的选择，产生积极且有意图的表演。每个角色还可能有一个贯穿全剧的最高任务。
Subtext: The underlying, unspoken meaning beneath the written dialogue. It is what the character is really thinking or feeling, often conveyed through tone, pause and body language rather than the words themselves.
潜台词：台词之下未被言说的深层含义，即角色真正所想或所感，往往通过语调、停顿和肢体语言传递，而非字面意思。
Status: The perceived social or psychological standing of a character in relation to others. Status can shift constantly within a scene and is communicated physically through posture, eye contact, spatial positioning and vocal delivery.
地位：角色相对于他人所体现的社会或心理等级。地位在一个场景中可以不断变化，并通过体态、眼神接触、空间占位和声音传达等身体方式表现出来。
Hot-seating: A rehearsal technique in which an actor, while in role, is questioned by the director or other performers about their character’s background, feelings and motivations. The actor must answer spontaneously in character, deepening their understanding.
坐针毡/角色质询：一种排练方法，演员以角色的身份接受导演或其他演员的提问，内容涉及角色的背景、感受和动机，必须即兴以角色口吻回答，从而加深对角色的理解。
Role on the Wall: A visual character-building activity where an outline of a body is drawn on paper and filled with information about the character. External details are written outside the outline, and inner feelings or thoughts are placed inside.
角色墙：一种可视化的角色构建活动，先在纸上画出人物轮廓，再将角色信息填入其中。外形细节写在轮廓之外，内心感受和想法则写在里面。
3. Voice and Speech Techniques | 声音与台词技巧
Projection: The ability to make the voice carry to the entire audience without shouting. Proper projection uses breath support and resonance to achieve volume and clarity while protecting vocal health.
声音投射：无需喊叫就能让声音清晰地传递到每位观众耳中的能力。正确的投射依靠气息支撑和共鸣，在保证音量和清晰度的同时保护嗓音健康。
Articulation: The clear and precise formation of consonant and vowel sounds through the coordinated movement of the tongue, lips, teeth and palate. Good articulation ensures that every word is understood.
吐字归音：通过舌头、嘴唇、牙齿和上颚的协调运动，清晰而准确地发出辅音和元音。良好的吐字能确保每个词语都被听清。
Pitch: The musical highness or lowness of the voice. Varying pitch can convey different emotions, suggest character traits and help maintain audience engagement by avoiding a monotone delivery.
音高：声音在音乐性上的高低变化。音高的起伏可以传达不同的情绪、暗示人物特征，并避免平铺直叙的单调感，保持观众的注意力。
Pace: The speed at which a performer speaks. A fast pace can indicate excitement, anxiety or urgency, while a slow pace can suggest thoughtfulness, sadness or authority. Deliberate changes in pace add dramatic tension.
语速：演员说话的速度。较快的语速可表现兴奋、焦虑或急切，缓慢的语速则暗示深思、悲伤或威严。有意识的语速变化能营造戏剧张力。
Pause: A deliberate moment of silence during speech. A well-placed pause can signal a shift in thought, heighten suspense, allow a joke to land or give the audience time to absorb a significant moment.
停顿：台词中有意的沉默时刻。恰当的停顿可以预示想法的转变、增强悬念、使笑点生效，或给观众时间消化重要瞬间。
Tone: The overall quality and emotional colour of the voice. Tone communicates the speaker's attitude – for example, a warm tone, an aggressive tone, a sarcastic tone – and is shaped by breath, resonance and intention.
语气：声音的整体质地与情感色彩。语气传达说话者的态度，如温暖的语气、咄咄逼人的语气或讽刺的语气，受气息、共鸣和意图的共同影响。
4. Physical and Movement Skills | 肢体与动作技能
Gesture: A movement of the hands, arms or head that expresses an idea, intention or emotion. Gestures can be illustrative, emphatic or symbolic, and must be motivated by the character's inner life.
手势：手部、手臂或头部的动作，用以表达想法、意图或情感。手势可以是说明性的、强调性的或象征性的，且必须由角色的内心活动驱动。
Posture: The alignment of the body and the way it is held when standing or sitting. Posture instantly communicates information about a character's age, health, confidence, social status and emotional state.
体态：身体在站立或坐下时的排列与持姿。体态能迅速传递角色的年龄、健康状况、自信心、社会地位及情绪状态等信息。
Gait: The distinctive way a character walks. Gait can reveal personality traits, physical condition or mood, and is an essential tool for physical characterisation, often developed through observation and repetition.
步态：角色特有的行走方式。步态能够揭示性格特点、身体状况或情绪，是身体化角色塑造的重要工具，通常通过观察与重复练习来建立。
Facial Expression: The use of the face – eyes, eyebrows, mouth and overall muscle tension – to convey emotion and reaction. Subtle shifts in facial expression can be more powerful than exaggerated mime.
面部表情：运用眼睛、眉毛、嘴巴及整体肌肉紧张度来传达情感与反应。面部表情的细微变化可以比夸张的哑剧动作更具感染力。
Mime: A stylised performance technique that uses precise body movements, gesture and facial expression to suggest objects, actions and environments without speech or props. Mime requires clear, controlled movement.
哑剧/默剧表演：一种程式化的表演技法，通过精准的身体动作、手势和面部表情来暗示物体、行动和环境，不使用语言或道具，要求动作清晰且富于控制。
Physical Theatre: A mode of performance where the primary storytelling vehicle is physical movement rather than spoken text. It often involves ensemble work, weight-sharing, lifts and the expressive use of the whole body.
肢体剧：以身体动作而非台词作为主要叙事手段的表演模式，常涉及集体协作、重心共享、托举以及全身的表现性运用。
5. Drama Conventions and Form | 戏剧惯例与形式
Naturalism: A theatrical style that aims to present a completely realistic illusion of everyday life on stage. Settings, dialogue and acting are meticulously detailed to replicate authentic human behaviour, as influenced by writers like Ibsen and Chekhov.
自然主义：致力于在舞台上呈现完全逼真的日常生活幻象的戏剧风格。布景、对白和表演都经过精心设计，以复制真实的人类行为，其代表作家有易卜生和契诃夫。
Epic Theatre: A form developed by Bertolt Brecht that seeks to encourage audiences to think critically about social issues rather than becoming emotionally absorbed. It uses techniques such as direct address, placards, song and the alienation effect (Verfremdungseffekt).
史诗剧/叙事剧：由布莱希特发展出的一种戏剧形式，旨在促使观众对社会问题进行批判性思考，而非陷入情感共鸣。常采用直接对观众说话、标语牌、歌唱以及间离效果等手法。
Still Image / Freeze Frame: A convention in which performers hold a static position to represent a moment, idea or relationship frozen in time. It can be used to explore key themes, emotions or a crucial moment in the narrative.
定镜/静止画面：演员保持静止姿态以表现某一凝固的瞬间、意念或人物关系的戏剧手法，可用于探索核心主题、情感或叙事中的关键瞬间。
Cross-cutting: A structuring device where two or more scenes occurring in different times or places are interwoven and presented alternately. It helps to create tension, draw parallels or contrast characters and situations.
交叉剪接：将发生在不同时间或地点的两个或多个场景交替呈现的结构性手法，有助于营造紧张感、形成对照或对比人物和处境。
Thought-tracking: A technique where a character reveals their inner thoughts and feelings aloud, often in the middle of a scene, while other characters are frozen. It gives the audience direct access to a character’s private mental world.
思维追踪：一种让角色在场景中直接说出内心想法与感受的技巧，通常在其他角色处于静止时进行，使观众得以直接窥见角色的隐秘思绪。
Monologue: An extended speech delivered by a single character, either spoken alone or in the presence of others. A monologue can reveal internal conflict, narrate past events or express a character's deep desires.
独白：由一个角色独自或在其他角色在场时所作的长篇台词。独白能够揭示内心冲突、叙述过往事件或表达角色的深层欲望。
6. Directing and Rehearsal Process | 导演与排练过程
Stage Picture: The visual composition of a scene at any given moment, including the arrangement of performers, set and lighting. Directors craft stage pictures to focus attention, convey meaning and evoke a particular atmosphere.
舞台画面：某一瞬间场景的视觉构图，包括演员调度、布景和灯光。导演通过设计舞台画面来聚焦视线、传递含义并营造特定氛围。
Tempo / Rhythm: The pacing and flow of a performance. Tempo refers to the overall speed of a scene, while rhythm concerns the pattern of dynamic moments, beats and pauses. Together, they shape the audience's emotional journey.
节奏：表演的速度与流动感。节奏（tempo）指场景的整体速度，律动（rhythm）则指力度时刻、节拍和停顿的分布模式。二者共同塑造观众的情感旅程。
Cue-to-cue: A technical rehearsal that focuses only on the moments when lighting, sound or scene-change cues are triggered. Actors may skip through dialogue to reach each cue, allowing the technical crew to practise transitions efficiently.
技术连排（逐点对位）：一种专注于灯光、音效或换景触发点的技术排练方式。演员可以跳过部分对白直接到每个提示点，让技术团队高效练习转场。
Technical Rehearsal: A full run of the production where all technical elements – lighting, sound, set changes, special effects – are integrated with the performers for the first time. It is a slow, stop-start process to ensure everything runs safely.
技术彩排：首次将所有技术元素（灯光、音效、换景、特效）与演员结合进行的完整排演。过程通常缓慢且会频繁中断，以确保一切安全运行。
Dress Rehearsal: The final rehearsal before opening night, performed with full costume, make-up, props, lighting and sound, as if it were a real performance. It tests the running time and the readiness of the entire company.
带妆彩排：首演前的最后一次排练，穿戴完整戏服、化妆和道具，并配合灯光与音效，如同正式演出一样。它用于检验整体时长和全体演职人员的准备情况。
Marking the Moment: A rehearsal strategy in which performers highlight a significant moment in the drama by drawing particular attention to it, often through a change in pace, a held image, sound or movement. This ensures the moment resonates with the audience.
重点强调时刻：一种排练策略，演员通过改变速度、静止画面、声音或动作等方式，引起对某个重要戏剧瞬间的特殊关注，以确保该时刻能对观众产生深刻印象。
7. Lighting Design | 灯光设计
Intensity: The brightness of a lighting instrument, often controlled by a dimmer. Varying intensity can establish time of day, create shadows, direct focus and shift the mood of a scene.
强度：灯具的亮度，通常通过调光器控制。改变亮度可以设定时间感、制造阴影、引导视线并转换场景的情绪基调。
Gobo: A thin metal or glass template placed inside a spotlight
Published by TutorHao | Year 12 戏剧 Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图