CAIE IGCSE Physical Education: Key Terms Rapid Revision Guide | CAIE IGCSE 体育：关键术语速记指南

📚 CAIE IGCSE Physical Education: Key Terms Rapid Revision Guide | CAIE IGCSE 体育：关键术语速记指南

Success in CAIE IGCSE Physical Education exams hinges on mastering subject-specific terminology. This rapid revision guide presents essential key terms across all core theory topics, paired with concise definitions and Chinese translations to support bilingual learners and memory retention.

在 CAIE IGCSE 体育考试中取得佳绩，关键在于掌握学科术语。这份速记指南梳理了所有核心理论主题的关键术语，配以简明定义和中英对照，帮助双语学习者高效记忆。

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1. Skeletal System | 骨骼系统

Familiarity with the bones, joints and movements is fundamental for anatomy questions.

掌握骨骼、关节和运动术语是解解剖题的基础。

Cranium – The bony structure surrounding and protecting the brain.

颅骨 – 围绕并保护大脑的骨结构。

Vertebral column – The spine made up of individual vertebrae, protecting the spinal cord.

脊柱 – 由椎骨组成，保护脊髓。

Sternum – The breastbone at the front of the ribcage, safeguarding the heart and lungs.

胸骨 – 位于胸廓前方的扁骨，保护心脏和肺。

Scapula – The shoulder blade; a flat triangular bone providing attachment for muscles.

肩胛骨 – 扁平的三角形骨，为肌肉提供附着点。

Pelvis – The hip girdle that transfers weight from the upper body to the legs.

骨盆 – 髋骨带，将上身体重传递到下肢。

Femur – The longest and strongest bone in the body, located in the thigh.

股骨 – 人体最长、最强壮的骨骼，位于大腿。

Ball and socket joint – A joint allowing movement in all directions (e.g., shoulder, hip).

球窝关节 – 允许各个方向运动的关节（如肩关节、髋关节）。

Hinge joint – A joint permitting movement in only one plane (e.g., elbow, knee).

铰链关节 – 仅在一个平面内运动的关节（如肘关节、膝关节）。

Flexion – A movement that decreases the angle at a joint (e.g., bending the elbow).

屈曲 – 减小关节角度的动作（如弯曲肘部）。

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Extension – A movement that increases the angle at a joint (e.g., straightening the knee).

伸展 – 增大关节角度的动作（如伸直膝盖）。

Abduction – Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

外展 – 肢体远离身体中线的运动。

Adduction – Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body.

内收 – 肢体移向身体中线的运动。

Ligament – A strong band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone, stabilising joints.

韧带 – 连接骨与骨的坚韧结缔组织束，稳定关节。

Tendon – A fibrous cord attaching muscle to bone, transmitting the force of contraction.

肌腱 – 连接肌肉与骨的纤维索，传递收缩力量。

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2. Muscular System | 肌肉系统

Understand how muscles create movement and respond to exercise through these key terms.

通过以下关键术语理解肌肉如何产生运动并适应训练。

Biceps – The muscle on the front of the upper arm that flexes the elbow.

肱二头肌 – 位于上臂前侧的肌肉，使肘部屈曲。

Triceps – The muscle on the back of the upper arm that extends the elbow.

肱三头肌 – 位于上臂后侧的肌肉，使肘部伸展。

Quadriceps – A group of four muscles on the front of the thigh that extend the knee.

股四头肌 – 大腿前侧的肌群，使膝关节伸展。

Hamstrings – The muscles on the back of the thigh that flex the knee and extend the hip.

腘绳肌 – 大腿后侧的肌群，使膝关节屈曲、髋关节伸展。

Published by TutorHao | Year 11 体育 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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