📚 Free University of Berlin: History, Faculties and A-Level Entry Guide | 柏林自由大学：历史、院系与A-Level申请全指南
Freie Universität Berlin - the Free University of Berlin - is one of the most recognisable names in German higher education. Founded in 1948 as a deliberate break with the Nazi-era university tradition, it has grown into a research-intensive institution with roughly 33,000 students, membership of Germany's Excellence Initiative and a strong reputation in the humanities, social sciences and life sciences. This guide explains its history, structure and what applicants, including A-Level students, need to know before applying.
柏林自由大学（Freie Universität Berlin）是德国高等教育中最具辨识度的名字之一。它创立于1948年，有意与纳粹时期的高校传统划清界限，如今已发展为研究密集型大学，约有33,000名学生，是德国"精英大学"计划成员，在人文学科、社会科学与生命科学领域声誉卓著。本文介绍它的历史沿革、组织架构，以及包括A-Level学生在内的申请者需要了解的关键信息。
1. What the Free University of Berlin Is | 柏林自由大学是什么
Freie Universität Berlin is a public research university in Berlin, Germany. Its seal carries the words Veritas, Iustitia, Libertas - truth, justice, freedom - and that motto is not decorative: the institution was created precisely to defend academic freedom. Today it is one of the largest and most prestigious universities in the German capital, alongside Humboldt-Universität and Technische Universität Berlin.
柏林自由大学是位于德国柏林的公立研究型大学。校印上刻着 Veritas、Iustitia、Libertas——真理、正义、自由——这句箴言并非装饰：这所学校正是为捍卫学术自由而诞生。如今它与柏林洪堡大学、柏林工业大学并列，是德国首都规模最大、声望最高的大学之一。
It is a full-spectrum university. Its subject map covers the social sciences, natural sciences, humanities, law, economics and medicine, and it combines a classical German research tradition with an explicitly international outlook. Students come from around 130 countries, which makes the campus noticeably more cosmopolitan than the average German university.
它是一所学科齐全的综合性大学，版图覆盖社会科学、自然科学、人文学科、法学、经济学和医学，把德国古典研究传统与鲜明的国际化取向结合在一起。学生来自约130个国家，因此校园氛围比多数德国大学更为多元开放。
For A-Level students, the key points are straightforward: teaching at undergraduate level is mostly in German, tuition is generally free, entry is based on recognised school-leaving qualifications plus subject requirements, and the university is competitive in law, political science, psychology, biology and medicine-related pathways.
对A-Level学生而言，要点很直接：本科教学大多使用德语，一般不收学费，录取依据是被认可的中学毕业资格加专业科目要求，而在法学、政治学、心理学、生物学以及与医学相关的方向上竞争尤为激烈。
2. The Founding Story of 1948 | 1948年的建校故事
The university was founded on 4 December 1948 in West Berlin, at the start of the Cold War. Students and academics who had been expelled or silenced at the old Berlin University - today Humboldt-Universität - for demanding academic freedom and protesting against communist pressure decided to build a university of their own. The city government of West Berlin and the American occupation authorities supported the project.
这所大学于1948年12月4日在冷战初期的西柏林成立。当时在旧柏林大学（即今天的洪堡大学），一批学生和学者因为要求学术自由、抗议政治干预而遭开除或噤声，于是决定自己创办一所大学。西柏林市政府与美国占领当局支持了这一计划。
The name "Free University" was chosen to signal two kinds of freedom: political freedom in a divided city, and the freedom of teaching and research. The historian Friedrich Meinecke became the first rector. The founding impulse - that a university must be a protected space for independent thought - still shapes the institution's self-image.
"自由大学"这一名称意在标示两重自由：分裂城市中的政治自由，以及教学与研究的自由。历史学家弗里德里希·梅尼克出任首任校长。大学必须成为独立思考的受保护空间——这一建校初衷至今仍塑造着学校自我认知。
Later episodes reinforced the identity. In 1963 John F. Kennedy visited Berlin and the university; its North American studies institute was named the John F. Kennedy Institute. In the late 1960s the campus became a centre of the German student movement, with figures such as Rudi Dutschke studying sociology there.
后来的历史进一步强化了这一身份。1963年约翰·F·肯尼迪访问柏林与该校，其北美研究机构随后被命名为约翰·F·肯尼迪研究所。20世纪60年代末，校园成为德国学生运动的中心之一，鲁迪·杜契克等人曾在此攻读社会学。
3. The Campus in Dahlem | 达勒姆校区
The main campus sits in Dahlem, in the Steglitz-Zehlendorf district of south-west Berlin. Dahlem is a historic science quarter: research institutes, museums and the Botanic Garden cluster here, and the area has the quiet, green character of a traditional German campus town rather than a downtown faculty.
主校区位于柏林西南施特格利茨-策伦多夫区的达勒姆。达勒姆是历史悠久的科学城区：众多研究机构、博物馆和植物园汇聚于此，整体呈现安静、绿意盎然的传统德国校园风貌，而非市中心的院系楼群。
Landmark buildings include the Henry-Ford-Bau, the main lecture and event building, and the Rostlaube and Silberlaube complex that houses much of the humanities. The Philological Library, designed by Norman Foster and opened in 2005, is nicknamed "the Berlin Brain" because of its curved, translucent shell.
标志性建筑包括亨利·福特楼（主要的报告厅与活动大楼），以及容纳大部分人文学科的"锈楼"与"银楼"建筑群。由诺曼·福斯特设计、2005年启用的语言学图书馆，因其弧形半透明外壳被称为"柏林大脑"。
Other sites matter too. Veterinary medicine is taught at the Düppel campus, medicine is studied at the Charité, and the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin form both a public attraction and a working research collection. The campus is served by U-Bahn stations such as Dahlem-Dorf and Freie Universität (Thielplatz).
其他校区同样重要。兽医学在杜佩尔校区授课，医学则在夏里特医学院学习，柏林植物园与植物博物馆既是公众景点，也是活跃的研究收藏机构。校区可乘地铁到达，如达勒姆村站与自由大学（蒂尔广场）站。
4. Faculties and Academic Breadth | 学院与学科版图
The university is organised into departments and central institutes rather than a small number of mega-faculties. Its teaching and research span law, economics, political and social sciences, history and cultural studies, philosophy and humanities, education and psychology, biology, chemistry and pharmacy, earth sciences, mathematics and computer science, physics, and veterinary medicine.
该校以系所和中心研究机构为组织单位，而非少数超大型学院。教学与研究横跨法学、经济学、政治学与社会学、历史与文化研究、哲学与人文学科、教育学与心理学、生物学与化学及药学、地球科学、数学与计算机科学、物理学，以及兽医学。
Medicine is delivered through the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, a joint institution of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-
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