📚 Year 12 WJEC Drama: Essential Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Guide | WJEC 戏剧必备词汇术语速记指南
Understanding and confidently using the specialist language of drama is a cornerstone of the Year 12 WJEC course. This guide is designed to help you quickly revise and memorise key terminology across performance, design, direction, script analysis and theatre practitioners. Each term is presented with a concise English definition immediately followed by its Chinese equivalent and explanation, making it easier to grasp and retain the vocabulary you need for written exams, practical workshops and coursework evaluations.
理解并自信地使用戏剧专业语言是 Year 12 WJEC 课程的核心基石。本指南旨在帮助你快速复习和记忆涵盖表演、设计、导演、剧本分析和戏剧实践者的关键术语。每个术语均以简洁的英文定义呈现，并紧跟对应的中文翻译与解释，让你更轻松地掌握和牢记书面考试、实践工作坊和课程评估中所需的词汇。
1. Core Dramatic Elements | 核心戏剧元素
Plot: The organised sequence of events that makes up the storyline, typically including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and denouement.
情节：构成故事情节的有序事件序列，通常包括交代、上升动作、高潮、下降动作和结局。
Theme: The central idea, concept or underlying message that a play explores.
主题：一部剧作所探索的中心思想、概念或潜在信息。
Conflict: The struggle between opposing forces, which may be internal (within a character) or external (between characters, society or nature).
冲突：对立力量之间的斗争，可以是内在的（角色内心）或外在的（角色之间、与社会或自然的冲突）。
Dialogue: The spoken exchanges between two or more characters in a play.
对白：剧中两个或更多角色之间的口头交流。
Monologue: An extended speech delivered by a single character, often revealing inner thoughts, addressed to other characters on stage.
独白：单个角色的长篇讲话，通常揭示内心想法，对舞台上的其他角色发出。
Soliloquy: A speech where a character speaks their thoughts aloud while alone, used to share inner feelings with the audience.
独自（内心独白）：角色在独自一人时说出心中所想，用以向观众分享内心感受的讲话。
Aside: A brief comment made by a character to the audience, unheard by other characters on stage.
旁白：角色对观众发表的简短评论，不被舞台上其他角色听见。
2. Play Structure & Script Vocabulary | 剧本结构与剧本术语
Act: A major division within a play, often containing multiple scenes.
幕：剧本中的主要划分单位，通常包含多个场次。
Scene: A subdivision of an act, marking a change in location or time.
场：幕的下级划分，表示地点或时间的转换。
Stage Directions: Instructions in the script that describe movement, setting, lighting, sound or acting choices.
舞台指示：剧本中描述动作、布景、灯光、音效或表演选择的说明性文字。
Dramatic Irony: A situation where the audience knows more than the characters on stage, creating tension or humour.
戏剧性反讽：观众比舞台上角色知道得更多，从而制造紧张或幽默的情景。
Subtext: The underlying meaning beneath the spoken words; what a character really thinks or feels but does not explicitly state.
潜台词：台词表面之下的隐含意义；角色真正所想所感但未明确说出的内容。
Exposition: The background information provided about characters, relationships and events before the action begins.
交代（呈示）：在主要行动开始前给出的关于角色、关系和事件的背景信息。
Catharsis: The emotional release experienced by the audience after the climax of a tragedy.
宣泄（卡塔西斯）：悲剧高潮后观众所经历的情感释放。
3. Character & Characterization | 角色与人物塑造
Protagonist: The main character around whom the play revolves, often undergoing a journey or change.
主角：剧作围绕的中心人物，通常经历一段旅程或变化。
Antagonist: The character or force that opposes the protagonist and creates conflict.
反派（对抗角色）：与主角对立并制造冲突的角色或力量。
Archetype: A typical character, situation or symbol that recurs across stories and cultures (e.g. the hero, the trickster).
原型：在故事和文化中反复出现的典型角色、情境或象征（如英雄、骗子）。
Motivation: The reason behind a character's actions and decisions, driven by needs or desires.
动机：角色行动和决定背后的原因，由需求或欲望驱动。
Given Circumstances: The full set of environmental, historical and situational factors that influence a character, as defined by Stanislavski.
规定情境：斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基提出的影响角色的一切环境、历史与处境因素的集合。
Objective: What a character wants to achieve in a scene or unit of action.
任务（目标）：角色在一场戏或一个行动单元中想要达成的目的。
Super-objective: The overarching goal that drives a character throughout the entire play.
最高任务：贯穿全剧驱动角色的总体目标。
4. Performance Skills: Voice | 表演技巧：声音
Pitch: The highness or lowness of the voice, used to convey emotion, age or status.
音高：嗓音的高低，用于传达情感、年龄或地位。
Pace: The speed at which lines are delivered; quick pace can suggest urgency, slow pace can indicate reflection.
语速：台词传递的速度；快语速可能暗示紧迫，慢语速可能表示深思。
Pause: A deliberate break in speech used to build tension, create meaning or show a character's thought process.
停顿：说话中有意的中断，用以营造张力、创造意义或展示角色的思考过程。
Tone: The emotional quality of the voice that reveals a character's attitude or mood.
语调：声音的情感特质，揭示角色的态度或情绪。
Volume: The loudness or softness of speech, used to convey power, intimacy or secrecy.
音量：说话声音的强弱，用于传达力量、亲密或隐秘。
Projection: The use of breath and resonance to fill the performance space without shouting.
发声投射：运用气息与共鸣让声音充满表演空间而无需喊叫。
Articulation: The clarity of speech and precise pronunciation of consonants and vowels.
吐字（发音）：说话的清晰度以及辅音和元音的精确发音。
Inflection: The variation of pitch within a phrase to add meaning or emphasis.
音调变化：短语内音高的升降变化，以增添意义或强调。
5. Performance Skills: Physicality & Movement | 表演技巧：身体与动作
Gesture: A movement of part of the body, especially the hands or arms, to express an idea or emotion.
手势：身体某个部位（特别是手或手臂）的动作，用以表达想法或情感。
Posture: The way a character holds their body, indicating mood, status or physical condition.
体态：角色保持身体的方式，显示情绪、地位或身体状况。
Gait: The manner of walking, which can reveal age, personality or intent.
步态：走路的方式，可以揭示年龄、性格或意图。
Body Language: The non-verbal signals communicated through stance, movement and physical expression.
肢体语言：通过站姿、动作和身体表情传达的非语言信号。
Proxemics: The use of space and distance between characters to convey relationships, tension or intimacy.
空间关系（近体距离）：利用角色之间的距离和空间来传达关系、紧张感或亲密感。
Levels: The use of different heights on stage (standing, sitting, lying) to show status or dynamics.
层次（高低位）：利用舞台上不同的高度（站立、坐着、躺下）来表现地位或力量关系。
Blocking: The precise movement and positioning of actors on stage, planned by the director.
走位（调度）：由导演规划的演员在舞台上的精确移动和位置安排。
Facial Expression: The use of facial muscles to communicate emotion, thought or reaction.
面部表情：运用面部肌肉来传递情感、想法或反应。
6. Stage Spaces & Configurations | 空间与舞台类型
Proscenium Arch: A traditional stage framed by an arch, where the audience views the action from one direction.
镜框式舞台：传统舞台，由一个拱形框架分隔，观众从单一方向观看表演。
Thrust Stage: A stage that extends into the audience, with spectators on three sides.
伸出式舞台：舞台向观众席延伸，三面被观众包围。
In-the-round: A performance space with the audience seated on all sides, sometimes called arena staging.
圆形舞台（四面台）：观众围坐在四周的表演空间，亦称竞技场式舞台。
Traverse: A stage in which the audience sits on two opposite sides, with the action taking place in between.
走道式舞台（通道式）：观众分坐两侧相对，表演在中间进行。
Black Box: A flexible, intimate performance space with black walls and no fixed seating or stage.
黑箱剧场：灵活而亲密的表演空间，墙壁为黑色，没有固定的座位或舞台。
Site-specific: A performance created for and shaped by a particular non-theatre location.
特定场域：为一个特定的非剧场地点创作并受其影响的表演。
Apron: The part of the stage that projects forward in front of the proscenium arch.
舞台前缘（台口）：镜框式舞台前方突出的部分。
7. Directorial Vocabulary | 导演基础词汇
Interpretation: The director's unique understanding and presentation of a play's meaning and themes.
诠释：导演对剧本意义和主题的独特理解与呈现。
Concept: The overarching artistic idea that shapes every production element, from setting to acting style.
构思（理念）：统摄所有制作元素（从布景到表演风格）的总体艺术创意。
Vision: The director's clear, cohesive picture of how the production should look, sound and feel.
愿景：导演对演出在视觉、听觉和感受上应有模样的清晰、连贯构想。
Staging: The process of bringing a script to life on stage, covering all visual and spatial choices.
舞台呈现：将剧本搬上舞台的过程，包含所有视觉与空间的选择。
Cue: A signal for an actor (to speak or move) or a technician (for lighting, sound, set change) to act.
提示（暗号）：让演员（开口、行动）或技术人员（灯光、音效、换景）执行动作的信号。
Rehearsal: The repeated practice of a scene or play to refine performance, timing and design integration.
排练：对场景或整剧的反复练习，以完善表演、节奏和设计配合。
Technical Rehearsal: A rehearsal focused on lighting, sound and set changes, often slowing down the action.
技术彩排：专注于灯光、音效和布景变换的排练，通常会放慢表演速度。
Dress Rehearsal: A full run-through with all costumes, make-up and technical elements, as if a real performance.
带妆彩排：包括全部服装、化妆和技术元素的完整预演，如同正式演出。
8. Design Elements I: Set & Props | 设计元素一：布景与道具
Set Design: The creation of the physical environment on stage, reflecting the play's setting, period and mood.
布景设计：在舞台上创造实物环境，反映剧作的地点、时期和氛围。
Flats: Lightweight wooden frames covered with canvas or plywood, used to create walls or backgrounds.
景片：覆盖帆布或胶合板的轻质木框，用于搭建墙壁或背景。
Backdrop: A large painted panel or cloth hung at the back of the stage to indicate setting.
背景幕：悬挂在舞台后部以表现场景的大型绘画板或布幕。
Cyclorama: A curved, plain background at the rear of the stage, often used for sky effects through lighting.
天幕：舞台后方的弧形无装饰背景，常通过打灯来表现天空效果。
Practical: A prop or set piece that actually works (e.g. a lamp that lights, a door that opens).
可操作道具（实用道具）： действительно能用的道具或布景部件（如能亮的灯、能打开的门）。
Props: Short for 'properties'; any movable objects used by actors or placed on stage to support the action.
道具：'properties' 的简称；演员使用或放置在舞台上的任何可移动物体，用以支撑表演。
Set Dressing: Decorative items that add detail to the set but are not directly handled by actors (e.g. curtains, books on a shelf).
舞台装饰：增添细节的装饰性物品，通常不直接由演员操作（如窗帘、书架上的书）。
Minimalist Set: A stripped-back design using few elements, often relying on lighting, projection or suggestion.
极简布景：使用极少量元素的精简设计，往往依赖灯光、投影或暗示。
9. Design Elements II: Lighting & Sound | 设计元素二：灯光与音效
Lantern: A generic term for any stage lighting unit; common types include Fresnel, profile and flood.
灯具：任何舞台照明设备的统称；常见类型包括菲涅尔灯、造型灯和散光灯。
Gobo: A thin metal plate with cut-out shapes placed in front of a light to project patterns or textures.
图案片（戈博）：带有镂空形状的薄金属片，置于灯光前以投射图案或质感。
Gel: A coloured plastic filter placed in front of a lantern to change the light's colour.
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