📚 Year 11 Eduqas Chinese: Grammar Formula & Structure Quick-Reference | Year 11 Eduqas 中文：语法公式与句型速查手册
Mastering Chinese grammar for the Eduqas GCSE requires a firm grasp of key sentence structures, much like applying formulas in mathematics. This quick-reference handbook presents the essential grammar patterns as clear formulas, enabling you to construct accurate and sophisticated sentences. Use it to review for your writing and speaking exams.
要掌握 Eduqas GCSE 中文语法，你需要像运用数学公式一样，牢牢记住关键句型。这本速查手册将核心语法模式归纳为清晰的公式，帮助你构建准确、地道的句子。用它来备考写作和口语考试吧。
1. The “是……的” Structure | “是……的”结构
The 是……的 structure is used to emphasise the time, place, manner or agent of a past action. The basic formula is:
Subject + 是 + [Detail] + 的 (+ Object)
The focus can be on when, where, how or who did something. The verb is usually placed before 的, and the object can go before or after 的.
这种结构用来强调一个已经发生的动作的时间、地点、方式或施动者。焦点信息放在“是”和“的”之间。动词通常在“的”前面，宾语可以放在“的”之前或之后。
Examples:
- 他是坐飞机来的。(Tā shì zuò fēijī lái de.) – He came by plane.
- 这本书是去年买的。(Zhè běn shū shì qùnián mǎi de.) – This book was bought last year.
- 我是跟朋友一起去中国旅行的。(Wǒ shì gēn péngyou yīqǐ qù Zhōngguó lǚxíng de.) – I travelled to China with friends.
上面例句分别强调了交通方式、时间、方式。注意否定形式是“不是……的”，如“我不是坐火车来的”。
2. The “把” Sentence | “把”字句
The 把 construction highlights how an object is disposed of or affected by an action. Its formula is:
Subject + 把 + Object + Verb + Complement / 了
The object must be definite or known to both speaker and listener. The verb must be a transitive action verb and is usually followed by a result, direction or other complement, or at least 了.
“把”字句强调主语对某物做了什么，使其发生变化或处置。宾语必须是特指的。动词后面必须有补语或“了”，不能是光杆动词。
Examples:
- 请把门关上。(Qǐng bǎ mén guān shang.) – Please close the door.
- 我把作业做完了。(Wǒ bǎ zuòyè zuò wán le.) – I finished the homework.
- 他把我的杯子打破了。(Tā bǎ wǒ de bēizi dǎ pò le.) – He broke my cup.
否定词或能愿动词放在“把”之前，如“没把书带来”“不能把手机放在桌上”。
3. The “被” Sentence | “被”字句
The 被 sentence expresses the passive voice, where the subject receives the action. The formula:
Object/Receiver + 被 (+ Agent) + Verb + Complement / 了
Like 把, the verb must be followed by a complement or 了. The agent can be omitted if unknown or unimportant. In spoken Chinese, 叫 or 让 may replace 被.
被动句表示主语是动作的承受者，动词也需要补语或“了”。施动者可以省略。口语中还可用“叫”“让”代替“被”，但“被”更正式通用。
Examples:
- 我的自行车被偷了。(Wǒ de zìxíngchē bèi tōu le.) – My bike was stolen.
- 他被老师批评了。(Tā bèi lǎoshī pīpíng le.) – He was criticised by the teacher.
- 窗户叫风吹开了。(Chuānghu jiào fēng chuī kāi le.) – The window was blown open by the wind.
4. Comparative Sentences | 比较句
There are three main patterns used to compare things in Chinese. They function like formulas for 'A is more … than B', 'A is as … as B' and '
Published by TutorHao | Year 11 Chinese Revision Series | aleveler.com
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