📚 Year 12 CIE Biology: A Quick Guide to Memorising Vocabulary & Terminology | Year 12 CIE 生物：词汇术语速记指南
Memorising biological terminology is crucial for success in Year 12 CIE Biology. Precise language allows you to structure exam answers clearly and earn full marks in describe and explain questions. This guide offers practical strategies, root-word breakdowns, and mnemonic devices to help you master the essential vocabulary quickly and effectively.
记忆生物学术语对于 Year 12 CIE 生物考试至关重要。精准的语言可以帮助你清晰地组织考试答案并在描述与解释类题目中获得满分。本指南提供实用策略、词根拆解和助记方法，帮助你快速高效地掌握核心词汇。
1. Understanding the Importance of Terminology | 理解术语的重要性
In CIE exams, using the correct scientific term demonstrates conceptual understanding. For example, stating 'glucose is broken down' is vague, whereas 'glucose is oxidised during glycolysis' shows precise knowledge.
在 CIE 考试中，使用正确的科学术语体现了对概念的理解。例如，陈述“葡萄糖被分解”比较模糊，而“葡萄糖在糖酵解中被氧化”则展现出精准的知识。
Examiners allocate marks for keywords. Missing out on terms such as 'active site' or 'denaturation' can cost you dearly.
考官会根据关键词给分。遗漏“活性位点”或“变性”等术语可能导致无谓失分。
2. Mastering Prefixes and Suffixes | 掌握前缀与后缀
Many biology terms are built from Greek and Latin roots. By learning common affixes, you can decode unfamiliar words.
许多生物学术语由希腊语和拉丁语词根构成。通过学习常见词缀，你可以解读不熟悉的词汇。
Prefix 'cyto-' means cell (cytoplasm, cytokinesis); 'karyo-' means nucleus (prokaryote, eukaryote); 'mono-' is one, 'di-' two, 'poly-' many; 'hyper-' above, 'hypo-' below; 'endo-' inside, 'exo-' outside.
前缀 'cyto-' 表示细胞（细胞质、胞质分裂）；'karyo-' 表示核（原核生物、真核生物）；'mono-' 一、'di-' 二、'poly-' 多；'hyper-' 过度、'hypo-' 不足；'endo-' 在内、'exo-' 在外。
Suffix '-ose' indicates a sugar (glucose, fructose); '-ase' indicates an enzyme (amylase, polymerase); '-lysis' means splitting (hydrolysis, glycolysis); '-genesis' means creation (glycogenesis).
后缀 '-ose' 表示糖类（葡萄糖、果糖）；'-ase' 表示酶（淀粉酶、聚合酶）；'-lysis' 表示分解（水解、糖酵解）；'-genesis' 表示生成（糖原生成）。
3. Visual Association and Mnemonics | 视觉联想与记忆法
Associating terms with vivid images or stories can cement them in your memory. For instance, picture a 'rough' endoplasmic reticulum covered with 'dots' (ribosomes) to recall it synthesises proteins.
将术语与生动的图像或故事联系起来可以巩固记忆。例如，想象“粗糙”的内质网上布满“点点”（核糖体），从而记住它负责蛋白质合成。
Use 'Mighty Mitochondria' to remember it produces ATP, the cell's energy currency.
用“强大的线粒体”记住它产生 ATP，即细胞的能量货币。
Create silly sentences: 'King Philip Came Over For Good Soup' for taxonomy order (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species).
创造有趣的句子：如分类阶元口诀“界门纲目科属种”。
4. Cell Structure Terminology | 细胞结构术语速记
Eukaryotic cells (eu- true, karyon- nucleus) have a membrane-bound nucleus. Prokaryotic cells (pro- before) lack a nucleus.
真核细胞 (eu- 真的，karyon- 核) 有膜包被的细胞核。原核细胞 (pro- 之前) 缺乏细胞核。
Chloroplast: chloro- green, plast- formed; site of photosynthesis.
叶绿体：chloro- 绿，plast- 质体；光合作用的场所。
The overall equation for photosynthesis is:
光合作用的总方程式为：
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Ribosome: tiny organelle composed of rRNA and protein, site of translation.
核糖体：由 rRNA 和蛋白质组成的小细胞器，是翻译的场所。
Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins: 'Golgi delivers packages like a postal service'.
高尔基体修饰并分装蛋白质：“高尔基体像邮局一样递送包裹”。
Lysosome contains hydrolytic enzymes; remember 'lysis' splitting.
溶酶体含有水解酶；记住 'lysis' 分解。
Published by TutorHao | Year 12 Biology Revision Series | aleveler.com
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