📚 What Do Children Learn in Year 4 in the UK? | 英国四年级学什么
In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, Year 4 is part of Key Stage 2 (KS2) and children are usually 8 to 9 years old. It is the year in which primary learning shifts from 'learning to read and count' towards 'reading and reasoning to learn', and it is also the year in which every child in England sits the Multiplication Tables Check. This guide walks through every subject a typical Year 4 pupil studies, what each subject actually contains, how children are assessed, and how parents at home can support the year without adding pressure.
在英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰，四年级（Year 4）属于 Key Stage 2（KS2）阶段，学生通常 8 到 9 岁。这一年，小学学习会从"学会读和算"逐渐转向"通过阅读和推理去学习"，同时也是英格兰所有孩子在学年末参加乘法表检测（Multiplication Tables Check）的一年。本文逐科梳理英国四年级学生要学的内容、各科的具体知识点、学校如何评估，以及家长在家可以怎样配合。
1. Year 4 in the UK School System | 英国学制中的四年级
Year 4 is the fourth year of compulsory primary school in England and Wales, and the equivalent year in Northern Ireland is Primary 5. In Scotland the closest match is Primary 5 (P5), where children are also around 8 to 9 years old, although Scotland follows the Curriculum for Excellence rather than the National Curriculum. Year 4 is generally the second year of KS2, since KS2 formally begins in Year 3; however, many parents and some schools describe Year 4 as the first 'serious' year of KS2 because the work becomes noticeably more formal than in the infants and lower juniors.
在英格兰和威尔士，Year 4 是义务教育阶段小学的第四年；北爱尔兰的对应年级是 Primary 5。在苏格兰，最接近的是 Primary 5（P5），学生同样约 8 至 9 岁，不过苏格兰实行的是 Curriculum for Excellence（卓越课程），而不是国家课程。KS2 正式从 Year 3 开始，因此 Year 4 通常算 KS2 的第二年；但很多家长和部分学校会把 Year 4 看成 KS2 真正"上正轨"的一年，因为学习任务明显比低年级更正式。
Class sizes are typically 25 to 30 pupils, taught by one class teacher for most subjects, with specialist teachers for music, PE, computing or modern foreign languages in many schools. A typical timetable is around 32.5 hours per week, with English and maths taught daily, usually in the morning when concentration is highest.
班级规模通常为 25 至 30 人，大部分学科由一位班主任老师教授；不少学校在音乐、体育、计算机或现代外语上会安排专科教师。每周课时通常约 32.5 小时，英语和数学每天都有，一般安排在注意力最好的上午。
2. The National Curriculum and Key Stage 2 | 国家课程与 KS2 框架
The National Curriculum in England sets out the subjects that must be taught and the programmes of study for each key stage. At KS2 the compulsory subjects are English, mathematics, science, history, geography, art and design, design and technology, music, computing, physical education, and a modern foreign language. Religious education is also required, although the locally agreed syllabus decides its content, and schools must teach relationships, sex and health education as well as personal, social, health and economic (PSHE) education.
英格兰国家课程规定了必须开设的学科和每个学段的课程纲要。KS2 的必修学科包括：英语、数学、科学、历史、地理、美术与设计、设计与技术、音乐、计算机、体育，以及一门外语。宗教教育同样是法定要求，但具体内容由地方协商大纲决定；学校还必须开设关系与健康教育以及个人、社会、健康与经济教育（PSHE）。
Core subjects are English, maths and science; the others are foundation subjects. Schools are free to organise the foundation subjects by topic or theme, so a term might be built around 'Ancient Greece' and cover history, geography, art and even maths word problems within that theme.
核心科目是英语、数学和科学，其余为基础科目。学校可以按主题或项目来组织基础科目，比如一个学期围绕"古希腊"展开，把历史、地理、美术甚至数学应用题都整合进这个主题里。
| Subject 学科 | Status 地位 | Typical weekly lessons 每周典型课时 |
| English 英语 | Core 核心 | 5-6 节 |
| Mathematics 数学 | Core 核心 | 5 节 |
| Science 科学 | Core 核心 | 2 节 |
| History / Geography 历史 / 地理 | Foundation 基础 | 各 1 节（可轮换） |
| Art, Music, DT, Computing 美术、音乐、设计技术、计算机 | Foundation 基础 | 各 1 节左右 |
3. English Language Arts | 英语语言艺术
English in Year 4 covers phonics revision, spelling, vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension and writing. By Year 4, most children have finished systematic phonics, but teachers still revisit letter patterns and spelling rules for pupils who need them, and the emphasis shifts sharply towards spelling conventions, wider vocabulary and reading stamina.
四年级英语包括拼读复习、拼写、词汇、语法、阅读理解和写作。到了 Year 4，大多数孩子已经完成系统的自然拼读教学，但老师仍会为需要的学生复习字母组合和拼写规律；教学重心明显转向拼写规则、词汇扩展和阅读耐力。
Spelling work includes prefixes and suffixes such as 'un-', 'dis-', 're-', 'pre-', '-ation', '-ous' and '-ly', homophones like 'there, their, they're', and the statutory word list for Years 3 and 4 (for example 'accident', 'believe', 'caught', 'difficult', 'guard', 'possible'). Pupils learn to use a dictionary and thesaurus independently and are expected to proof-read their own writing.
拼写学习包含前缀后缀（如 un-、dis-、re-、pre-、-ation、-ous、-ly）、同音异形词（如 there / their / they're），以及三、四年级的法定词表（例如 accident、believe、caught、difficult、guard、possible）。学生要学会独立使用词典和同义词词典，并养成自己检查作文的习惯。
Grammar and punctuation in Year 4 introduces expanded noun phrases, fronted adverbials, subordinate clauses, pronouns, apostrophes for possession, inverted commas for direct speech, and the standard English forms of verbs. Reading comprehension moves beyond literal retrieval: children are asked to infer, justify with evidence, summarise, and comment on an author's word choices. Writing covers narrative, non-chronological reports, persuasive letters, instructions and poetry, usually with planning, drafting, editing and publishing stages.
四年级的语法和标点会引入扩展名词短语、句首状语、从句、代词、表示所有格的撇号、直接引语的引号，以及动词的标准英语形式。阅读理解不再停留在字面寻找信息，而是要求推断、用文中证据说明理由、概括，并评价作者的用词选择。写作类型包括记叙文、非时序说明报告、说服性书信、操作说明和诗歌，通常按计划、初稿、修改、定稿几个步骤完成。
Handwriting and presentation remain part of the curriculum, and pupils are expected to write legibly and with increasing speed, as well as to read aloud fluently and take part in discussions, drama and presentations.
书写与卷面同样是课程的一部分，学生要做到书写清晰并逐步提速，同时能够流利朗读、参与讨论、戏剧活动和口头汇报。
4. Mathematics | 数学
Year 4 mathematics consolidates the four operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) and extends the number system to four-digit numbers and beyond, including negative numbers, Roman numerals to 100, and rounding. Fractions, decimals and percentages are introduced and linked, and geometry, measurement and statistics all become more formal.
四年级数学巩固四则运算（加、减、乘、除），把数系扩展到四位数以上，并涉及负数、100 以内的罗马数字和取整。分数、小数和百分数会在这一年引入并建立联系，几何、度量与统计也更加正式。
Key content includes place value in 4-digit numbers, mental and written methods, factors, multiples, prime numbers, and multiplying two-digit by one-digit numbers using formal written layouts. Fractions work covers equivalent fractions, adding and subtracting fractions with the same denominator, and finding fractions of quantities.
核心内容包括四位数的位值、心算与笔算方法、因数、倍数、质数，以及用规范竖式计算两位数乘一位数。分数部分涵盖等值分数、同分母分数加减，以及求数量的几分之几。
½ + ¼ = ¾ | 0.25 = 25% = ¼ | P = 2 × (l + w)
Geometry covers the properties of 2D shapes including quadrilaterals and triangles, lines of symmetry, acute, obtuse and right angles, coordinates in the first quadrant, and translation of shapes. Measurement includes converting between units (km ↔ m, kg ↔ g, l ↔ ml), calculating perimeter and area of rectangles, and solving time problems on 12-hour and 24-hour clocks. Statistics introduces bar charts, pictograms and line graphs, plus the mean average of a set of numbers.
几何部分包括四边形、三角形等平面图形的性质、对称轴、锐角、钝角和直角、第一象限的坐标，以及图形的平移。度量部分包括单位换算（千米↔米、千克↔克、升↔毫升）、长方形周长与面积计算，以及 12 小时制与 24 小时制的时间问题。统计部分引入条形图、象形统计图和折线图，并初步接触一组数的平均数。
One clarification worth making for families comparing with other systems: trigonometry, formal algebra and full statistics are not Year 4 content. They belong to KS3 and KS4 (and to A-Level), while Year 4 only lays the groundwork through patterns, missing-number problems and simple formulae such as perimeter and area.
对习惯其他课程体系的家庭需要说明一点：三角函数、正式代数和系统统计学并不属于四年级内容，它们属于 KS3、KS4（乃至 A-Level）；四年级只是通过规律、缺项问题和周长面积这类简单公式打基础。
5. Science | 科学
Science in Year 4 builds knowledge in biology, chemistry, physics and earth science, and it also develops working scientifically skills such as asking questions, planning fair tests, measuring, recording results, drawing conclusions and reporting findings.
四年级科学在生物、化学、物理和地球科学几个领域拓展知识，同时培养"像科学家一样工作"的能力：提出问题、设计公平实验、测量、记录结果、得出结论并汇报发现。
Living things and their habitats covers classification keys, grouping living things, and how environmental change can endanger living things. Animals including humans covers the digestive system, teeth and their functions, food chains with producers, predators and prey, and the importance of a balanced diet and exercise.
生物与栖息地部分包括分类检索表、生物分组，以及环境变化如何威胁生物生存。"动物包括人类"部分涉及消化系统、牙齿及其功能、包含生产者、捕食者和猎物在内的食物链，以及均衡饮食与运动的重要性。
Chemistry topics cover states of matter (solid, liquid, gas), changes of state including melting, freezing, evaporation and condensation, and the water cycle. Physics topics cover sound (how vibrations travel, pitch and volume) and electricity (constructing simple series circuits, conductors and insulators, switches, and the safe use of mains electricity). Earth science covers rocks and fossils, grouping rocks by properties, and how soil is formed.
化学主题包括物质三态（固态、液态、气态）、熔化、凝固、蒸发、凝结等状态变化，以及水循环。物理主题包括声音（振动如何传播、音高与音量）和电（搭建简单串联电路、导体与绝缘体、开关，以及安全用电）。地球科学涵盖岩石与化石、按性质给岩石分类，以及土壤的形成。
6. History | 历史
History in Year 4 usually continues the chronological journey through Britain and the wider world, and pupils practise using sources, timelines, cause and consequence, and historical vocabulary such as 'century', 'empire' and 'civilisation'.
四年级历史通常延续对英国史和世界史的时间线梳理，学生练习使用史料、时间轴、因果关系，以及 century（世纪）、empire（帝国）、civilisation（文明）这类历史词汇。
Popular Year 4 topics include Ancient Greece (city-states, democracy, mythology, the origins of the Olympic Games), the Roman Empire and its impact on Britain, the Anglo-Saxons and Scots, and local history studies based on the school's own area. Some schools also run themed units on European exploration and the Renaissance, linking them to art and geography.
常见的四年级主题包括古希腊（城邦、民主、神话、奥运会的起源）、罗马帝国及其对英国的影响、盎格鲁-撒克逊人与苏格兰人，以及基于学校所在地区的地方史研究。部分学校还会开设欧洲大航海时代与文艺复兴的主题单元，并与美术、地理联动。
It is worth noting that the statutory KS2 history programme runs mainly from the Stone Age to 1066, with Ancient Greece as the required European study. The Renaissance and the age of exploration are formally KS3 topics, so when a Year 4 class studies them, they are usually taught as enrichment rather than as required content.
需要注意的是，KS2 的法定历史内容大体从石器时代延伸到 1066 年，其中古希腊是规定的欧洲文明研究对象。文艺复兴与大航海时代在正式课程中属于 KS3，因此四年级若涉及这些内容，通常是拓展性学习，而非必学要求。
7. Geography | 地理
Geography in Year 4 develops locational knowledge, place knowledge, human and physical geography, and geographical skills including fieldwork. Pupils continue to learn world maps, countries, capitals and major cities, and they begin to read atlases, globes and digital maps with increasing independence.
四年级地理发展位置知识、地点知识、人文与自然地理知识以及包括实地考察在内的地理技能。学生继续学习世界地图、国家、首都和主要城市，并开始更独立地使用地图册、地球仪和数字地图。
Physical geography topics include rivers and the water cycle, mountains and volcanoes, climate zones, biomes and vegetation belts, and earthquakes. Human geography covers settlement types, land use, economic activity including trade links, and the distribution of natural resources such as food, minerals and water. Population and migration are often introduced through simple case studies.
自然地理主题包括河流与水循环、山脉与火山、气候带、生物群系与植被带以及地震。人文地理涵盖聚落类型、土地利用、包括贸易联系在内的经济活动，以及食物、矿产、水等自然资源的分布。人口与迁移常通过简单案例引入。
Geographical skills include using the eight points of a compass, four and six-figure grid references, keys, symbols, and digital mapping tools. Fieldwork might involve a local traffic or litter survey, measuring rainfall in the school grounds, or mapping land use along a route to school.
地理技能包括使用指南针八个方位、四位与六位数网格坐标、图例、符号和数字地图工具。实地考察可能是在本地做交通或垃圾调查、在校内测量降雨量，或者把上学沿线土地利用情况绘制成图。
8. Art and Design | 美术与设计
Art in Year 4 aims to develop more advanced drawing skills, including observational drawing, sketching, shading and tone, colour mixing and understanding of warm and cool colours, and composition. Pupils are introduced to the work of artists, architects and designers from different periods and cultures, and are encouraged to evaluate their own and others' work.
四年级美术着重发展更进阶的绘画技能，包括观察性写生、素描、明暗与色调、混色与冷暖色认知，以及构图。学生会接触不同时期与文化的艺术家、建筑师和设计师作品，并被鼓励评价自己和他人的作品。
Media work typically includes pencil, charcoal, pastels, watercolour and acrylic paint, printing, collage, textiles and clay. Many schools also link art to design and technology through projects such as making a pop-up book, a simple electrical toy or a healthy snack, which involve designing, making, evaluating and using technical knowledge.
媒材实践通常包括铅笔、炭笔、色粉、水彩与丙烯、版画、拼贴、纺织和泥塑。许多学校还会把美术与设计技术（DT）结合，例如制作立体书、简单电动玩具或健康小食，这些项目包含设计、制作、评估和技术知识的运用。
9. Music | 音乐
Music in Year 4 continues to build music theory and performance skills, and pupils begin to work with more complex instruments and ensemble or choir performance. Typical content includes pulse and rhythm, pitch, notation (staff and graphic), dynamics, tempo, timbre and structure.
四年级音乐继续建立乐理与演奏技能，学生开始接触更复杂的乐器并进行合奏或合唱表演。典型内容包括节拍与节奏、音高、记谱（五线谱与图形谱）、力度、速度、音色和曲式结构。
Most schools run a whole-class instrumental programme in KS2, often ukulele, recorder, violin, djembe or keyboard, and Year 4 pupils may learn to play simple melodies, accompany a song with chords, and improvise short rhythmic or melodic patterns. Listening work introduces music from different traditions and periods, and singing remains central, often through weekly singing assemblies and a performance at the end of term.
大多数学校在 KS2 会开展全班乐器课程，常见的有尤克里里、竖笛、小提琴、非洲鼓或键盘；四年级学生可能学会演奏简单旋律、用和弦为歌曲伴奏，并即兴创作简短的节奏或旋律。欣赏环节会介绍不同传统与时期的音乐；歌唱仍是核心，通常通过每周唱诗会和学期末演出进行。
10. Other Subjects: Computing, PE, RE and Languages | 其他学科：计算机、体育、宗教教育与外语
Beyond the subjects above, Year 4 usually includes computing, physical education, religious education, PSHE and a modern foreign language. Computing covers e-safety, algorithms and programming with block-based languages such as Scratch, using search engines effectively, and understanding how networks work.
除上述学科外，四年级通常还包括计算机、体育、宗教教育、PSHE 和一门外语。计算机课涵盖网络安全、算法，用 Scratch 等图形化语言编程、有效使用搜索引擎，以及了解网络如何运作。
PE in Year 4 typically includes games such as football, netball, hockey, tag rugby, cricket and rounders, plus gymnastics, dance, athletics and swimming (many schools teach swimming in KS2, with the national expectation that pupils can swim 25 metres by the end of Year 6). Religious education follows the locally agreed syllabus and often surveys several major world faiths as well as non-religious worldviews.
四年级体育通常包括足球、无挡板篮球、曲棍球、触式橄榄球、板球和圆场棒球等球类，以及体操、舞蹈、田径和游泳（许多学校在 KS2 开设游泳课，国家预期是学生到 Year 6 结束时能游 25 米）。宗教教育依据地方协商大纲，通常会概览多个主要世界宗教以及非宗教的人生观。
Modern foreign languages are compulsory at KS2, and Year 4 children commonly learn French, Spanish or German, focusing on greetings, numbers, colours, family, food, simple sentence building and cultural awareness. PSHE covers friendships, online safety, healthy choices, money and basic first aid, often through circle time and discussion rather than written work.
KS2 阶段外语是必修的，四年级孩子通常学习法语、西班牙语或德语，内容聚焦问候、数字、颜色、家庭、食物、简单组句和文化意识。PSHE 涉及友谊、网络安全、健康选择、金钱和基础急救，多通过圆圈时间和讨论进行，而不是书面作业。
11. Assessment, Homework and the Multiplication Tables Check | 评估、作业与乘法表检测
les Check, taken online in June. Pupils answer 25 questions on times tables up to 12 × 12, with six seconds per question, and results are reported to schools and parents but are not published as school league tables.
英格兰的法定统考在 KS2 结束时的 Year 6（即 SATs），但四年级也有一项属于自己的全国检测：每年 6 月在线上进行的乘法表检测。学生要回答 25 道 12 × 12 以内的乘法题，每题 6 秒；结果会反馈给学校和家长，但不用于公布学校排名。
25 questions × 6 seconds | 范围：1 × 1 到 12 × 12
Elsewhere in the year, assessment is teacher-based: ongoing formative assessment in lessons, termly tests in reading, maths and spelling, and a written report to parents at least once a year, usually with a parents' evening each term. Homework in Year 4 is typically 20 to 30 minutes per night and focuses on reading, spelling and times tables, sometimes with a project or maths task.
在一年中的其他时间，评估以教师判断为主：课堂上的形成性评价、每学期的阅读、数学和拼写测验，以及每年至少一次给家长的书面报告，通常每学期还有一次家长会。四年级作业一般每晚 20 至 30 分钟，集中在阅读、拼写和乘法表，有时会有专题项目或数学任务。
12. How Parents Can Support a Year 4 Child at Home | 家长如何在家支持四年级孩子
The single most effective habit is daily reading: ten to fifteen minutes of shared or independent reading, with a few questions about why a character acted in a certain way or what a word suggests. Asking 'how do you know?' trains the inference skills that reading comprehension papers reward.
最有效的习惯是每天阅读：10 到 15 分钟的共读或独立阅读，并问几个问题，比如人物为什么这样做、某个词给人什么感觉。多问一句"你怎么知道的？"就是在训练阅读理解最看重的推断能力。
For maths, short and frequent practice beats long sessions. Five minutes of times tables three times a day, using songs, games, flashcards or apps, builds the fluency the Multiplication Tables Check measures. Real-life maths matters too: shopping totals, change, cooking measurements, timetables, and estimating distances all reinforce unit conversion and problem solving.
数学方面，短而频繁的练习胜过长时间苦战。每天三次、每次五分钟的乘法表练习，结合歌曲、游戏、卡片或 App，就能建立乘法表检测所考查的熟练度。生活数学同样重要：购物算总价与找零、烹饪中的量度、时刻表、估算距离，都能巩固单位换算与解题能力。
Finally, keep the year low-pressure and high-interest. Talk about the history or science topic at dinner, visit a museum or a river, let your child explain what they learned rather than test them, and stay in regular contact with the class teacher about reading level, spelling lists and any gaps. If a child struggles persistently with reading fluency or number facts, early conversation with the school is far
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图